Category: Logical Fallacies

You incorrectly asserted that two or more things are equivalent, simply because they share some characteristics, despite the fact that there are also notable differences between them.

When the source is viewed negatively because of its association with another person or group who is already viewed negatively.

The concept of affective fallacy is an answer to the idea of impressionistic criticism, which argues that the reader’s response to a poem is the ultimate indication of its value.

The conjunction fallacy occurs when one estimates a conjunctive statement, this and that, to be more probable than at least one of its component statements.

Similar to the conjunction fallacy, the disjunction fallacy occurs when one estimates a disjunctive statement (this or that) to be less probable than at least one of its component statements.

The assumption of a conclusion or fact based primarily on lack of evidence to the contrary. Usually best described by, “absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.

In almost every heated debate, one side or the other plays the “Hitler card”, that is, criticises their opponent’s position or the opponents themselves by associating them in some way with Adolf Hitler or the Nazis.

Drawing a conclusion from correlations observed in a given sample, but only after the sample has already been drawn, and without declaring in advance what correlations the experimenter was expecting to find.

Claiming that unexpected trends that occur through random chance alone in a data set with a large number of variables are meaningful.

Ignoring the difference while focusing on the similarities, thus coming to an inaccurate conclusion.